Ptlls Course Meeting the Needs of Learners

Meeting needs of learners www. niacedc. org. uk Students have different learning needs, and as a training provider I need to identify these needs, as when you pay attention to students needs (within reason, and on a professional basis that I am qualified to do so ) ,your student will work to the best of there ability, and their learning experience with you will be a positive one.Students also have a better commitment when they have an active part, in deciding goals, and they are told what the time scale is to reach the goals, and identifying criteria for assessing goals. All students that enrol with us are given enrolment questionnaires ,this helps us build a data base for student, and helps identify the students experience, and any qualifications they may hold. The questionnaire also has a basic Math and English competency question, to allow us to establish any areas we may need to be able to address and help the student with.We also ask if they have any computer skills and at what level. All students are then asked to meet with me personally so I can welcome them to the course, and put them at ease, it also allows me and the student to establish, their individual targets and goals, by the student having in put into there learning, it makes the student feel involved and makes the course when broken down achievable for them..We have regular feed back sessions which helps the student identify an areas they feel weaker in or are not entirely happy with, which allows a plan of action to be implemented and then a follow up feed back to assess how the student is progressing. With regular feedback sessions students are encouraged and it helps them develop their skills.

Law as A Social Institution Essay

What does it mean to say that law is a social institution? In the light of a legal positivist view, law embodies and is contingent to the social construct within our society. Legal positivism is the notion that law depends on social fact and that its merits do not and should not reflect its intrinsic nature1. Law is simply not a set of rules and regulations that govern the way in which our society should be, but rather, an exhibition of how our society exists as it is2. That being said, a social institution is a pattern of beliefs and behaviors over time, as defined by Nicosia and Mayer as ‘a set of activities performed by specific people in specific places through time3. Therefore, law encompasses numerous social institutions such as family, homosexuals, or more specifically the Indigenous community etc. – an exhibition of how society exists as it is. The concept that law is a social institution will be discussed in the legal positivist framework particularly in close regard to homosexuality. Traditionally, homosexuality was seen as an immoral act, it was encoded under the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 Section 11 that an act of ‘gross indecency’ between two males led to a term of 2 years imprisonment. In the last century same-sex relationships have been considered acceptable in society. Harsh amendments in legislation against homosexuality grew unacceptable and argument arose that it was an ‘overreach’ in criminal law concerning homosexual behaviour4. As aforementioned, a social institution is the ‘interaction among activities, people, and places over time’5. The law essentially is a product of these institution’s morals, ideas and standards. The idea that law is a social institution is illustrated by the changes in law over time and the changes in attitudes towards homosexuality that arise simultaneously. There has been a gradual acceptance and legal recognition of same-sex relationships. This is evident in the evolving attitudes towards homosexuality reflected in various cases and legislation, in which the law has responded positively to the changes in these social standards. As seen in the case of Hope & Brown v NIB (1995)6, where the couple, Andrew Hope and William Brown attested to the Equal Opportunity Tribunal (EQT), arguing that NIB Health Fund Ltd had denied them access to a family health insurance policy on the basis of their sexual orientation. The EQT coerced  the insurance company to recognise the couple as a family in order for them to receive insurance. It was acknowledged that the policy was in fact discriminatory. A year later, the federal government recognised homosexual couples as a family unit in the 1996 consensus7. Additionally, amendments to the Health Insurance Act 1973 were carried through to recognise same-sex couples and their children as a family. In relation to the theory of legal positivism, these social standards have molded the law, reinforcing that law is dependent on a social construct. One of the most significant legislative changes was the passing of the Property (Relationships) Legislation Amendment Act 1999 (NSW)8, which granted rights to same-sex couples for the division of property and claiming finances, as well as access to the District Court in a relationship break down. This Act also gave same-sex couples inheritance rights in line with heterosexual couples. However, bearing in mind the theory of positivism, where law depends on social fact, there are other institutions such as religious groups, like the Australia Lobby Group that curb the acceptance of homosexuality in light of their own social standards. This is evident where the law does not encompass every aspect in the recognition and protection of same-sex couples. In addition, the Howard government passed the Marriage Amendment Act 2004 (Cwlth) consolidating that marriage in Australia is the union between man and woman only9. In effect, this governance affirmed their social institutional beliefs: opposition to same-sex marriages. Thus, demonstrating that law is a social institution because the law directly reflects the beliefs of the social institution, namely the government. We can infer that although the issue of marriage equality is shelved, it does not equate to the idea that the whole of society disapproves of marriage amongst same-sex couples, but that certain structured governances limit the extent to which these ideas are legislated. Law is based upon our morals and therefore should be an exact carbon copy of the beliefs and ideas of social institutions. However external systems, for example, law systems and governments, can limit the degree to which the law wholly represents social  institution, in this case, homosexuality. The fact that a policy may be seen as discriminatory, unjust, inefficient does not mean that policy is the law, or the fact that the policy is fair, just and efficient also does not make it law. By taking these authoritative systems out of the equation, law is intrinsically a social institution. In 2006, the Human Rights Commission published a report titled ‘Same-sex: Same Entitlements’, which found that 58 federal laws discriminated against same-sex couples in areas of financial and work-related entitlements10. This caused social upheaval amongst the homosexual community. The law responded and shaped into these morals, by means of the Family Law Amendment Act 2008 (Cwlth)11. Changes and alterations were made in federal laws to remove the provisions discriminating against homosexual couples, and thus, they were granted rights pertaining to financial matters. The theory of legal positivism is demonstrated here, where the Amendment mirrors the social fact that there is no sufficient reason for same-sex couples to be discriminated based on sexual orientation and should receive the same benefits, as heterosexual couples. Homosexuality is now a greatly accepted institution12 whereby the law embraces same-sex couples as equals with heterosexual couples. The Family Law Amendment Act 200813 and the Miscellaneous Acts Amendment (Same Sex Relationships) Act 200814 is significant in the sense that same-sex marriage is now the point of legislative inequality between heterosexual couples and same-sex couples15. In essence, legal positivism is a construct that gives a greater understanding of law as a social institution. It is inextricably linked to the social order of society. Homosexuality exemplifies the positivist model through the alignment of developing attitudes and legislation amendments over time. This demonstrates the notion that the morals of our society set ideals for law to abide by. The way law and social construct interconnects means that law is man-made and built upon on patterns of beliefs and behaviour over a period of time. Word Count: 1318 References: Primary Sources of law: Family Law Amendment (De Facto Financial Matter and other Measures) Act 2008 (Cwlth) Hope & Brown v NIB Health Fund Ltd [1995] 8 ANZ Insurance Cases 61-269 Marriage Amendment Act 2004 Section 88EA Miscellaneous Acts Amendment (Same Sex Relationships) Act 2008 Secondary Sources of law: Austin, John (1832). The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. Ed. W.E. Rumble, 1995. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Anthony, T. Sanson, M. Worswick, D (2010) Connecting with Law (2nd Edition), Chapter 1: Introduction: Overview of the Book, 4. Baker, MJ and Saren, M. (2010). Marketing Theory: A Student Text (2nd Edition). 154 Wilson, P and Brown J.W. 1973. Crime and the Community. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press. Boesenberg, J, Derwent, B, Hamper, D, Hayes, M, Thiering, N. Legal Studies HSC (Third Edition), Chapter 18: Contemporary issues concerning family law. 278 -297 â€Å"Marriage Equality and Public Opinion† Fact Sheet: http://www.australianmarriageequality.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/AMEpollfactsheet@Jun11.pdf

Pest Analysis Finland Tourism Industry

Self and Peer Evaluation, by 30 April 2013 In the evaluation you will have to think, evaluate and write about what you and your class mates have learned during the study unit and how you and they have taken part in the lectures and group assignments. This assignment is set to bring new insights to one’s own thinking and to support personal learning. The point in this task is to evoke critical thinking, practice selfreflective skills and connect one’s personal learning to previous experience. Self-reflection helps you in learning new skills for instance in these areas: ? aintaining an attitude that is both open-minded and sceptical; ? objectively gathering, evaluating, and synthesising information; ? forming reasonable judgments, and conclusions; ? developing a tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; ? exploring and evaluating alternative perspectives In particular, you should pay attention in your reflective evaluation on the following issues: ? Capture the point of th e study unit briefly in your own words. Begin the paper with a short summary of the study unit, about its objectives and contents and your personal goals when attending the study unit.What makes it interesting and relevant to tourism business and for my future expertise? ? Identify and present at least 1-3 new things you have learned during the study unit. Weigh their value for your work possibilities and your future studies (e. g. your Thesis). ? Identify and present 1-3 expertise areas in which you want to improve your skills. Evaluate them in the light of your work possibilities and your future studies. ? Comment on the group work, the workshops and the lecture sessions from the perspective of active participation of students, and the role of the teachers.Also, in the case of group work, you can comment on the amount of work and how it was divided within the group. ? You may also want to comment on some challenges you faced in completing the study unit. ? Also, add in a brief fee dback of the course (at least one + and one –). This evaluation paper should cover the issues captured above, and it should be at most 1 A4 pages long. It is not so much about the length but the analytical, selfreflective level of the text. Please upload the paper into the folder in Optima by 30 April 2013. Best regards, Paivi & Petra

Business law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business law - Term Paper Example Both commercial and business laws cover a number of overlapping factors. The Uniform Commercial Code is the main authority that governs commercial dealings. There are also other legal fields that have the nature of business of commercial law transactions, such as banking and Secured Transactions. This paper will seek to summarize a business lawsuit and discuss the legal environment of business and the American law. It will also explore the court procedures, types of courts and alternative dispute decision process. A suit between Poynter Investments Inc et. al. versus Century Builders in South Carolina involved the appellant, Rector, who sold his business to the respondent Poynter Investments in 2007. The parties entered into an ‘Employment and Non-Competition Agreement,’ which contained a four-year phase non-competition clause. It was drafted to prevent Rector from trading within a defined geographic area of 75 miles in any course from the property for the written phase. The agreement was supported by a separate consideration, which required Poynter to employ Rector for twelve months. Rector, however, failed to abide by the terms of the agreement and as a result, Poynter filed a suit. The respondent sued the Appellants in 2008 on allegations of failing to abide by the non-competition terms. The hearing judge granted the respondent a preliminary injunction seeking to enforce the non-competition accord, but formed a ‘Restricted Territory’ that was not present in the earlier agreement.... The management should have initiated a research to identify and evaluate the legal implications that would have followed if they agreed to the terms. The laws pertinent to this case reflected ethical considerations. Before one gets to go into a business agreement, factors such as completing of agreements should be highly considered. The court judge refused to balance the equities before enforcing the incomplete agreement. There are various foundations of decrees relevant in the case. Authorities such as County of Richland v. Simpkins, 348 S.C. 664, 560 S.E.2d 902 (Ct. App. 2002), among many others have been used to give information of previous similar cases. The management can leverage such knowledge to prevent similar instances in the future. A business suit in a court may take longer and be more tedious if it were to be compared to Alternative Dispute Resolutions due to the court procedures. Cases may even take longer in courts if there are appeals as there are quite a number of co urts, including probate, municipal, magistrate court, general sessions, family courts, common pleas and appellate courts, including the Supreme Court. Alternative dispute resolution submits to a wide range of dispute resolution means or method that shares one essential feature. In the past two decades, alternative dispute resolution has turn out to be a major facet of legal practice in the United States. The clients together with their lawyers increasingly look for ways to settle their disparities without going for litigation, and as such, they gradually turn to alternative mechanisms to try to resolve their differences (Stone, 2004, p.1).These mechanisms include: Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism involving parties who get to agree to surrender

The Entertainment Industry and Venue Management in Hospitality Assignment

The Entertainment Industry and Venue Management in Hospitality Industry - Assignment Example This confirms the sector compared to others has potential of sufficiently giving the government high revenue. The extent of Theatre in UK is quite evident based on numerous admirations not only within the bloc but also from global admirers who visit London annually due to the sector’s quality and creativity. Based on Shellard (2004) study, by 2004 had about 541 theatres whereby to date they have increased. Based on 2009 statistics approximately 10% of all visiting over 10 million people normally preferred watching stage shows whereby to date the number continues to augment (BBC News, 2010). The sector’s audiences include both the local and global people whereby the latter prefer making UK as their tourist destination. Hence, contributing to government revenue evident in 2009 whereby the revenue from this sector was about  £2.8 billion (BBC News, 2010). There are roughly 50 parks in UK with Alton Towers being the Britain’s best, whereby similar to theatres the parks their target includes both global and local visitors (Hughes-morgan, 2010). Though not comparable to other sectors, theme parks are currently making significant strides towards being reliable revenue generators. The 2009 statistics depict the sector managed to contribute approximately  £315m, which is significant revenue to the economy (Hughes-morgan, 2010). Probably, the hindering aspect is that their highest turnover period is especially in December when numerous people especially youths visit these venues (Hughes-morgan, 2010). The most targeted people include children and youths though and fun loving people more so parents as they accompany their young ones. Hence, they are family destinations not only to the natives but also tourists visiting diverse states who normally prefer relaxing with their close members more so children. The UK museums play a critical role since they represent culture in historical phases up to date. They actually assemble artifacts and preserve

Study for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Study for Business - Essay Example As a matter of fact, businesses around the world, that are looking forward to establish a foothold in a new or existent market with its ever changing consumer behavior and product - market dynamics are increasingly looking forward to opt for consulting services provided by various well established and renowned consulting organizations and agencies for a particular country or region to various agencies. Consulting is carried out mostly in order to serve one of the many purposes of the client comprises which comprises mainly of fulfilling company’s goals and targets, solving the client company’s problems related to the management, identifying and recommending new business opportunities across various markets, providing learning and helping the client with the process of implementing changes within the organization’s structure and processes (Kuber, 2012, p. 3-6). In other words, it can be said that consulting services are often rendered by industry experts with valu able and significant amount of work experience, besides having related product as well as market knowledge. A key factor that differentiates the service of consulting from any other service or product is that the client is purchasing a promise of satisfaction for the services provided by the consultant and expects that the advices and recommendations provided by the consultant will solve the company’s existing problems. Hence the services provided by the consultant needs to be impeccable, effective and highly accurate (Biech, 2003, p. 4-5). Possible Reasons of Failure There can be a multiple number of reasons that can be attributed for the fact of possible failures of a group project. The most important factor can be the fact of ineffective communication amongst team members. Ineffective communication amongst the team members leads to misunderstanding of the job roles and the required project functionalities allocated to them. Due to the cause of this, the team members most o f the time face difficulties in understanding the personalized project related goals and individual targets allocated to them. This also leads to highlighting of the fact that poor communication among team members leads to poor role clarity to the team members. Also, ineffective team communication arises from the ego factors of the team members involved. This also leads to an increased communication gap. Motivational factor of the team members is a huge factor for the success and effective execution of a group project. Team members, who have low level of motivation, which may arise out of several factors ranging from personal problems, marital problems, financial pressure, work related stress etc will have a low level of involvement, which may affect their performance and contribution to the group based project. Another vital factor is inefficient time allocation and time management for the project involved. Improper time allocation for the project leads to hurried completion of the project, in order to meet the deadline allocated for the project. This leads to overlooking and skipping of some of the important goals and objectives of the project (Team Building, 2009). Possible Corrective Measures In order to take effective steps for the purpose of prevention of the above mentioned reasons of failure, certain steps can be taken. For the purpose of

T-Test and Chi-Test Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

T-Test and Chi-Test - Assignment Example It is scientifically proven by Ridley (1999) the fact that men and women are different from each other. And they also differ in their motivational styles. Still, employment agencies will have to disregard the gender when it comes to a job working, so the aim of the employers are to motivate them using different tools that are available for them to use their abilities. The research that was carried out by Wiedner (1998) regarding personality type, etc. presented as determinants of job satisfaction has scrutinized the other factors such as age, educational level, sex, and the part-time and full-time status of the worker. And the one-way analysis of variance has been computed to determine if there are significant differences among the pay satisfaction levels. As the null hypothesis believed that there is no significant difference among the three shift categories. While on the other hand, the alternative hypothesis states that there is significance that exists on at least one of pair. Th is is just the same with the study in Unit 1, but the variance indicates that there is an insignificant difference that the level of education did not have the critical impact on their perception of equity on their perception of equity on pay. Here our finding is that there is a significant relationship in the differences between men and women regarding job satisfaction. As we observe from the first regression. And on the table we made, we have come up with a perfect correlation indicating that we have a positive result. There came the difference between the two regressions. When x and y switch, the result was changed. As the formula was: y = bx+a/y to get they we cross multiply the equation this way y = bx + a.   1 Y Their both sums came to become different and they both contrasts with each other since their composition was changed. They now represent another equation. The conclusion somewhat came to be undecided since it's different to explain both regressions with different dat a in it.

Completing the GDP Rates Table Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Completing the GDP Rates Table - Essay Example Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Completing the GDP Rates Tables TABLE 1: USA (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Year GDP in US$ GDP % growth Pop. ... 35 2000 1075.57 1.25 30,689 1.24 271.9 1.339 178,940.9 230,838.3 -23,023 1.67 2.343 2001 1107.46 0.45 31,021 0.27 252.5 1.373 163,424.1 216,267.9 -13,717 1.68 2.417 2002 1154.95 0.94 31,373 -0.98 225.8 1.404 160,922.7 209,087.7 -48,167 1.69 2.578 2003 1214.60 0.2 31,676 0.80 275.8 1.443 169,923.7 221,594.7 -51,671 1.70 2.626 2004 1290.19 0.92 32,048 0.93 185.6 1.470 189,879.9 256,359.8 -45,678 1.7 1 2.785 2005 1368.73 1.35 32,359 0.40 221.3 1.502 211,898.7 290,384.3 -67,897 1.72 2.89 2006 1450.40 1.24 32,723 1.13 200.3 1.531 524,075 487,674 -56,432 1.76 2.345 2007 1529.58 0.98 33,115 0.69 213.8 1.565 534,718 505,055 -78,456 1.73 2.964 2008 1603.41 1.35 33,506 0.75 237.1 1.602 563,075 538,654 24,421 1.81 3.104 a) Column 5 = column 2 divided by column 4 [i.e. (2)/(4)] b) Column 10 = column 8 minus column 9 [i.e. (8)-(9)] c) Column 11 = column 8 divided by column 2 and multiplied by 100 [i.e. (8)/(2)*100] d) Column 12 = column 9 divided by column 2 and multiplied by 100 [i.e. (9)/(2)*10 0] How to do this assignment, 1. You should complete tables 1 and 2 on the page 1 which I will upload it. 2. Compare the GDP rates of growth and the Trade Balance of CANADA and the US and try to draw any conclusions based on economic theory The GDP rate of growth for U.S has been increasing constantly since 1994 until 2001. The growth rate for Canada has no particular sequence as it has been constantly increasing and decreasing as a result of the economic conditions. The trade balance for U.S is less than that of Canada over the years. Levi (2009) describes that Canada is the tenth largest economy as measures in US dollars. This is as a result of the importance of its primary sector with more revenue from the logging and oil industries. The manufacturing industry as well as the automobile

The notion of strategy in organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The notion of strategy in organizations - Essay Example Strategy as a Plan or Ploy The term plan is common to different fields when it comes to strategy formulation. For instance, in the military, strategy is to draft a plan while in Game theory a complete plan is necessary to determine the choices the players will make. The dictionary too describes strategy as a plan and in management it is an integrated plan to achieve the organizational objectives. Mintzberg contends that a strategy can be a ploy too. To discourage a competitor when an organization expands its plant capacity, it can be termed as a ploy. Since it is meant as a threat, it cannot be called a plan; it is a ploy with a specific intention. Strategy as a pattern According to this definition strategy is consistency in behaviour and has a set pattern, whether or no intended. Patterns can appear without pre-conception but people can observe a set behaviour in an organization and call it a strategy. This may be just an assumption. A plan can be an intended strategy where as a pattern can be called a realized strategy, since it was not intended. Thus, when the intended strategy is realized, it is a deliberate strategy as the intentions existed. Emergent strategies are those that went unrealized where the patterns developed in the absence of intentions or perhaps despite them. Strategy as a position The fourth definition is that strategy is a position. It is a means of locating an organization within the industry environment. This definition suggests that strategy is a mediating force between the organization and the environment. ... Strategic analysis requires the use of several tools but there is limited use of these tools. Tools and techniques are essential because they help the SMEs to change their course of action depending on the data collected through these tools. Tools and techniques do not help or make a strategy but they are useful in collecting and presenting data which help in strategic analysis . The most used tool is the financial analysis followed by PEST or STEP analysis, Porter’s five forces analysis and analysis of critical success factors (CSF). External analysis, considered a part of SWOT analysis ranked sixth in popularity, in a study conducted by Aldehayyat and Anchor . The study found that respondents were aware of other tools such as value chain analysis, competition analysis and portfolio analysis, but none used them. Other tools for strategy analysis such as organizational culture, core capability and experience curve analysis were not even known by the respondents. 2.2.1 Porter’s Five Forces Model The five competitive forces that shape strategy (Figure III) include the threat of new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, rivalry among existing competitors and the threat of substitute products . He further clarifies that these five forces differ by industry. If the forces are intense, the return on investment is low; if the forces are benign, the profit margins are high. The strongest competitive force determines profits and is important for strategy formulation.

Case analysis- Leadership Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis- Leadership - Case Study Example Case suggests that CEO and the firm has basically failed to come up with right strategy to deal with the public anger in the wake of disaster which happened with one of company’s cruise ships on the coast of Italy. Micky Arison’s management philosophy is largely based upon delegating most of the tasks and allowing regional teams to manage at the regional level. The crisis which happened were regionally handled by the team overseeing Italian operations and as such parent company Carnival Corp practically distanced itself so that bad PR may not hamper other businesses of the firm. Carnival Corp, as a parent Company, completely avoided to being part of the crisis thus suggesting a relatively unethical business behavior. Despite the loss of lives, firm continued to lie about its efforts and publically never came to present its official response to the event and what it has done so far to ensure that no such events happen in future. The overall problem lies in how the leadership of the firm failed to face the challenge and rather avoided the crisis situation by misleading public. 1. Come up openly in public and properly built a rapport with its customers to inform them about the steps taken by the firm so far. (Werder and Holtzhausen). This step may be necessary in order to ensure that the firm is actively engaging all stakeholders in sorting out the issue and publically show that it has taken proper and active rescue efforts. In order to successfully deal with the problem, it is important that Carnival Corp must come up with a viable PR strategy and openly accept the responsibility for the disaster. To avert further reputation damage, firm’s CEO should actively engage with the public and take on-board all stakeholders in order to ensure that everything is done in fair and transparent manner. By actively coordinating with its Italian subsidiary, it should focus on ensuring that every organizational

The problems encountered while accounting for intangibles are Essay

The problems encountered while accounting for intangibles are accurately identified and explained - Essay Example For example expenditures in research and marketing ill generate cash flows but quantifying the amount of the cash is normally difficult hence their omission in the balance sheet. Secondly, recognition of assets in the balance sheet requires the ability to measure the value or the cost reliably. In the case of intangible assets like marketing or research, reliable measure of value or cost cannot be made because of the uncertainty in the amount of cash flows to be generated is very high (Spiceland, 2009). Further, it may be difficult to determine which assets the expenditures have contributed value for. Moreover, IASB requires that for an asset to be recognized in the balance sheet, control must be determined. The enterprise must have the rights on the assets or control that gives the exclusive benefits to the organization. Skilled staff may thus not be classified as intangible assets because the organization does not own the employees. This makes it difficult to account for the intangible assets especially when there are no legal rights. Finally, assets must result from previous transactions or past events for them to be recognized and classified. This does not posed a very big problems since the purchase price can always be determined if the asset was obtained. Problems normally arise only when the assets are produced by the organization. Internally generated assets cause a problem of determining their existence from a single transaction hence difficult to measure. Organizations must therefore ensure that they account for intangible assets in conformity to the IASB so as to prevent overstating or understating the financial

PBGC Company Profile Essay Example for Free

PBGC Company Profile Essay PBGC is an abbreviation of a Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. The purpose of this federal corporation is to protect American’s pension. Its mission is related to protection: Forty four million American workers retirement income is currently being protected in more than 30000 benefit pension plans of private single-employer and multiemployer. Its formation is the result of an act of 1974 by the name Employee Retirement Income Security Act. It has the following objectives: First It helps private-sector define benefit pension plans to be continued and remain well maintained. Second is to provide pension benefits payment time to time, without any interruption. Its third objective is to keep minimum pension insurance premiums. The defined benefit pension plan gives pension on a monthly basis to the retirees but the pension amount is depended upon the salary and the year of services the retirees have rendered. The corporation does not only give monthly payments to retirees up to the guaranteed maximum but also the multiemployer plans participants and one who have not retired yet get financial assistance from it. General Tax Revenues don’t give any kind of fund to this corporation. Insurance premiums financed the operations of this federal corporation which was being set by Congress. Insurance premium is being paid by the sponsors defined for each benefit plan that are basically employers. The recoveries are being made from the companies which would be responsible for the plans in the past. Earnings come from investments for this corporation. According to the plan ended in 2008, workers will get $4,312. 50 monthly when they will get retire at the age of 65. It serves the range of customer’s e. g. general public, media and so on. Board of directors including the Secretaries of Labor (Chair), Commerce and the Treasury guided the operations of PBGC. The two highest priorities of this administration is to reform the defined benefit pension system and bring improvement in retirement security. It contributed in the development of Pension Protection Act of 2006. Since PBGC has worked over the last 33 years for the protection plan of participant’s interests and also to support private pension system’s growth; millions of American workers can now think about secured retirement along with their families. Both the benefit plan and the guarantee by PBGC have made a difference in the lives of the diligent Americans. Annually about $4 million is being given by this corporation to 44 million Americans. The development of the 2006 act not only improved the status of funding of many defined benefit plans but also pension system is being strengthened. Competitive advantage: The corporation has been very effective throughout in managing change over the past few years,’ pension insurance programs have faced many unexpected challenges. The corporation also won an award of managing its work force superbly in this changing business environment. The executive director said: â€Å"We are pleased to be recognized for having the right people, processes and systems in place to manage a doubling of our customer base with no diminution in the quality of our customer service. † (www. pbgc. gov,2008). It was being a first federal agency which got the full certification for its executive evaluation system. It got plenty of awards presented in magazines. These are as under: General Excellence, Service, Competitive Advantage, Global Outlook, Innovation, Managing Change, Financial Impact, Partnership, Ethical Practice and Vision. Weaknesses of PBGC: Weaknesses of PBGC’s certification and accreditation (CA): This would impact the accuracy and completion of information which would affect the credibility of the corporation. It also affects the capability of the corporation to take and manage risks. It compromises agency’s personnel and assets too. There should be an effective CA system to assure security of assets, personnel and operations and that could assure that the corporation is capable enough to meet its functional requirements. The National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-37, Accreditation of Federal Information Systems and Guide for the Security Certification provides the framework under 2002 act named as the Federal Information Security Management Act, Public Law 107-347, for how CA program of this corporation should be implemented. Inadequate security policy and plan: The security policy and plan of the current information of PBGC are not according to the guidance provided by National Institute of Standards and Technology Special (NIST) under Federal Information Security Management Act. NIST has developed guidance and standards. It also includes minimum requirement to provide sufficient security of information for all agency assets and operations Change in organizational structure: In 2006 the reorganization of the OIT i. e. ffice of information technology had badly affected the Information System Security Officer’s ability to ensure appropriate operational security for PBGC’s information system. It affected the clarity for officer in terms of his responsibilities and accountability. It made it hard for the officer to establish security standards and procedures. Internal control weaknesses: High risk is being involved in the PBGC’s single-employer pension insurance program. The program had an accumulated deficit of $5. 4 billion in 2003 which was the largest one in history of the corporation. Under funding also increased dramatically in private pension system. The deficit was due to the following reasons: bankrupt firm’s under funded pension plans were ceased, there was a drawback in funding rules, stock market and interest rates decline, companies went global and economy is turned into knowledge based economy. The company had taken steps to improve the internal control for premiums. This is being done for two reasons. First Safeguard of assets: controls must be establish to ensure that cost and obligation are according to the law applicable and assets are safeguarded against any loss or related factors. Second reason is Financial Reporting: it is to ensure that proper reporting is being done of all the revenues and expenditures so that documentation and reports can be made and are accurate. Data Quality Weaknesses: Incorrect data entry, adjustments, and system-generated balances generate errors. Because of the data quality issue, the corporation is unable to ensure the accuracy and completeness of premium data by utilizing Past Due Filing Notices and Statements of Account. The 1st one used to notify plans which had not yet submitted premium filings and 2nd one is used to ensure that underpaid/overpaid premiums from a plan sponsor could be sort out effectively. During auditing it was being noticed that these two tools are not being used timely as it requires significant resources before mailing. Due to this, premiums could not be collected and errors could not be detected. Additionally policies and procedures have not been documented, communicated, or implemented throughout PBGC which is related to the premium accounting cycle. www. pbgc. gov,2008). Business Strategy: The new investment strategy is being formulated to balance risk and return and to improve chances of reaching full funding over the long run. According to this strategy diversified set of fixed-income investments and diversified equity investments both will be given 45% of its assets each and 10% will be given to alternative investment. Financial Information: A deficit of $18. 1 billion was being posted by insurance program for single-employer pension plans in fiscal year 2006. Due to the airline relief provisions in the Pension Protection Act, the corporation managed to reduce its probable liabilities. This led to a $4. 7 billion net improvement. It announces maximum insurance benefit for 2009. The amount would be higher for those who retire later and vise versa. The corporation had a peak year in 2000 when they had a surplus of $10 billion almost which was followed by surplus of $8 billion in 2001. The corporation got the calls in order to stop charging premiums. It got around $9 billion claims in 2002. The claims were because of airline and steel industry. (www. soa. org, n. d. ).

Liberalism And World Politics Politics Essay

Liberalism And World Politics Politics Essay Michael Doyle, in this article, indicates that liberal states which base on individual rights are basically opposed to war. Nevertheless, liberal states are different. They are actually peaceful, but they also tend to make war. To show these differences, Michael Doyle explains three different theoretical traditions of liberalism in his article. These traditions are liberal pacifism, liberal imperialism, and liberal internationalism. (p.73) Liberal Pacifism: Joseph Schumpeter, in his article Sociology of Imperialism that published in 1919, concerned pacifying effects of liberal institutions and principles. Schumpeter focused on the interplay of capitalism and democracy as the base of liberal pacifism. So, he looked at the sociology of historical imperialisms which rest on the effect of a war machine, warlike instincts, and export monopolism, that all based on the atavism. Although, in the past, war machine was necessary because of wars; now, there are wars because of the war machine. The warlike instincts stem from the war machine, but also some states, like Persians, are warriors from the beginning. Export monopolism incites imperialist expansion to extend nations closed markets. Export monopolism depends on the tariffs that imposed by monarchs in the past. These all three sources of imperialism are an atavism of the absolute monarchies. In modern era, to Schumpeter, because imperialists satisfy their individual intere sts, their imperialistic wars are objectless. (p.73,74) Schumpeter states that capitalism and democracy are necessary to establish peace, because when capitalism and democracy developed, imperialism will disappear. For him, capitalism creates unwarlike tendency and creates democratized, individualized, and rationalized populace. According to Schumpeters liberal pacifism, only war profiteers and military aristocrats gain from war. When there is a free trade foreign raw material and food stuffs are accessible to each nation, as a result, no class gains from forcible expansion. Also, if a nation that is backward culturally makes economic relations dependent on colonization, which of the civilized nations assumes the task of colonization is not important. (p.74) The inconsistency between warlike history of liberal states and Schumpeters pacifism emphasizes three extreme assumptions. First, his materialistic monism minimizes non-economic objectives such as glory, prestige, ideological justification, or pure power of ruling. Second, the political lives of individuals are homogenized. Third, like internal politics, world politics are homogenized. Materially monistic and democratically capitalist all nations engage with free trade and liberty together. Machiavellis liberal imperialism does not share these assumptions. (p.75) Liberal Imperialism: Machiavelli denies that republics are pacifistic. Instead, they are the best form of state for imperialism. Machiavellis republic is not a democracy, but bases on individual rights. There are consuls that serve as kings, senate as an aristocracy that administer the state, and people in assembly. (p.75) According to him, liberty stems from the disunion meant competition of senate, consuls and people; then, there will be compromise. Also, popular veto creates liberty, because, when the powerful few want to dominance, others veto and protect states liberties. Nevertheless, people need to be managed because they are lack of ability to expand their state. So, consuls and senate plan the expansion. Machiavelli advises that to expand your state, you should organize it as a free and popular republic like Rome rather than as an aristocratic republic like Sparta. Thus, Machiavelli is an advocator of the liberal imperialism. (p.75,76) Liberal Internationalism: Modern liberalism left two legacies. First one is the pacification of foreign relations among liberal states. Liberal pacifists state that liberal states exercise peaceful limitation, and separate peace which refers to a deal to stop military hostilities among states exists. Separate peace also suggests the promise of maintenance of peace and refers possibility of global peace. But, this does not demonstrate that the peace among liberals is statistically remarkable and that liberalism is the only way to peace. Second one is international imprudence. Peaceful limitation seems possible only in liberals relations with other liberals. Liberal states make many wars with non-liberal states. Many of these wars have been defensive and thus prudent. (p.76,77) Kants theory of liberal internationalism makes these legacies more comprehensible. Kant argues that perpetual peace will be guaranteed by three definitive article. First one emphasizes that constitution of the state must be republican to preserve freedoms. Second Definitive Article suggests that liberal republics will progressively establish peace among themselves by means of the pacific union that will maintain the rights of each state. Third one establishes a cosmopolitan law that will be limited to conditions of universal hospitality.(p.78) To Kant, perpetual peace is a condition for ethical action that requires harmony among men even their discord. Peace is an ethical duty, because all men see each other as ends rather than instrument for ends, only under conditions of peace. However, guarantee of perpetual peace does not base on only ethical behavior. Kant shows that fear and force also motivated men for perpetual peace. Kant explains that liberal states maintain peace among themselves; and these states make wars with non-liberals and thus suffer due to sad experience of wars. (p.79) Finally, cosmopolitan law attaches material incentives to moral behaviors. The cosmopolitan right makes spirit of commerce possible. As a result, states tend to promote peace and avoid from war. Liberal economic theory advocates that these cosmopolitan ties stem from a cooperation of international division of labor and free trade. (p.80,81) In conclusion, the promise of perpetual peace, sad experience of war, and the experience of a partial peace prove the necessity of world peace. They are foundations for moral citizens and statesmen who striving for peace. (p.81,82)

The five outcomes of every child matters

The five outcomes of every child matters Within this resource pack, I aim to guide practitioners and parents to implement the five outcomes of every child matters for children age four and five years in their care. I will begin by given the historical background of Every Child Matters and Policies and Legislative material in order to outline the definitions of social justice and inclusion. Also, I will discuss the significance and possible barriers of inclusion. Portions of the resource pack will reflect critically on Every Child Matters agenda which led to the enactment of The Children Act 2004 linking it to the five outcomes. In 2003, the government initiated Every Child Matters which was launched in the United Kingdom followed by the death of Victoria Climbie. It was a significant plan of the government to change and improve the lives of children and childrens services. The idea of the plan was to safeguard children; however it went beyond and expands the prospects available to young people from birth to 19 years. After the death of Victoria Climbie, there was a long meeting of all the various professionals working in children services. The outcome of the meeting underlined a lot of failure of the system, such as not being able to protect vulnerable children from purposeful harm. As the above has not being the only or a one off incident this was based on professionals not communicating with one another therefore Lord Laming suggested a structural reform which means different agencies working together (DfES, 2003). Following the consultation, the Government published Every Child Matters, the next steps which gave way to the Children Act 2004 which provided the legislative backbone for developing more useful and within reach services, focused around the needs of children, young people and families. The document carried 108 recommendations for fundamental changes. It aimed at supporting all children to have the support they need, no matter whatever their background or circumstances. This Act brought in a change for children. In 2005 a Childrens Commissioner for England was assigned to stand for the views of children. The Every Child Matters agenda was further developed in 2007 through the publication of the Childrens Plan. This plan was a ten year strategy ensuring that every child gets the best in life and helps parent into work as well as making an informed choices about child care and family life. Also it aims to improve childrens educations, health and eradicate poverty (DfES, 2004). Every Child Matters focuses on the well being of children and young people. It lays emphasis on better outcome for children, hence the five outcomes a guideline every practitioner should follow. Being Healthy requires that Early Years settings must show that practitioners are enabling children to be in an environment that let them to enjoy physical, mental and emotional health. All settings have the responsibility to make sure children learn how to achieve these things for themselves and live healthy lifestyles and understand the importance of being healthy (Knowles 2009:59), this has significance to Article (24) (27) of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) which recommends that all children should have right to health, clean water and environment, nutritious food, and have a good standard of living that meets moral and social needs (Bruce and Meggitt 2007). One will include that children should be supported through various measure, ensuring that they are mentally and emotionally healthy, practitioners must promote, encourage and set good example through the curriculums and its policies and practice as well as attracting children in physical activity in order to educate them on how to wash their hands and what to eat and drink. Also families should be provided with other health-care support needed which represents the good multi agency practice already in place at Children Centres (DfES, 2004c). (Practitioners should refer to appendix A for illustration of promoting a healthy environment for children). The next key outcome is Staying Safe which enables children to be safe from maltreatment, neglect, violence and harm. Practitioners should ensure that there is policies and procedure in place that clearly demonstrate an ethos of zero tolerance to bullying. Children should be protected from maltreatment, ensuring that providers and all relevant staff are appropriately trained in order to contribute to their safe from any harm. This is in relation to UNCRC article (9) (19) which states that all children should be protected from violence, abuse and neglect and Government should protect them (Meggitt and Bruce 2007) One could argue that providing a safe and secure environment will enable the children to achieve their full potential. (Practitioners should refer to Appendix B for the illustration of keeping safe). Enjoying and achieving is the third most crucial outcome which stresses that children of all potentials are to be helped to achieve personal and social development with particular focus on those with special and additional needs and also to those in disadvantage and isolated areas (Bruce and Meggit 2007). Practitioners in early years settings should make available for all children to achieve their full potential despite their educational needs. Also pupils should be provided with an environment regardless of any physical disability so that they can access the social and educational aspects of school. Furthermore practitioners should promote and support inclusive learning, gender, culture, social and emotional desires. Lastly children with special education needs (SEN) should be encouraged by practitioners to experience equal opportunities to achieve and attain their ultimate goal (Knowles 2009) This is eminent of the UNCRC, article (28) (29) stresses that all children have the right to an education and the purpose of education is to develop every childs personality, talents and mental physical abilities. (Practitioners should refer to appendix C for illustration of the above). One could agree that taken education to some extend will teach children to respect individuals, their own and other culture and also prepare children to live responsibly and peacefully in a free society. Within the policy document, the section on enjoying and achieving cited in (DfES 2003:para1.8) meaning that out of the five outcomes this does give a highlight on leisure time whilst the rest is mainly about educational attainment. Children imagine Enjoying as playing yet within this document it seems to be more emphasising on education. Enjoying appears to be one of the most vital outcomes requested by children. If children are seen as the citizens of the present why not pay particular attention to them. It is important to respect their views (William 2004:412 cited in Hendricks: 2008). In additional to this, making a positive contribution to childrens life is most important this include taking part in decision making and supporting the community, being law abiding, developing positive relationships with others being, self confident and able to deal with challenges and enterprise behaviour (Bruce and Meggitt 2007). In essence practitioners should encourage children to partake in planning and development of activities. This correspond to article (12) of the UNCRC which requires that the views of children must be sought after and given due weight in all matters affecting them. Lastly, achieving economic well-being helps children to conquer income barriers and achieve their full potential (Bruce and Meggitt 2007). Consequently, practitioners should make sure that children are given the best start in life. Evidently, educational attainment is the most effective route out of poverty. Within article (24) of the UNCRC achieving economic well-being the standard of living for children should meet their physical, mental, spiritual moral and social needs (DfES 2004). (Practitioners should refer to appendix E) The reason for writing this resources pack is to guide and support early years practitioners, parents and carers to implement the five outcomes of every child matters in the settings. Although Every Child Matters agenda outcomes seeks to promote the well being of all children which is underpinned by social justice and inclusion, practitioner still needs some ground rules to follow. Social justice is a theme in the United Nations and the European agenda for young children (Jones et al 2008:106). In Britain social justice is a belief that is currently in used to support public policies and practices with a view of making sure that all have equivalent chance to achieve the necessary goods and provisions they need to thrive and achieve well. This idea of fairness is embedded in the concept of social justice (Knowles 2009). Many young people as citizens take their rights and responsibilities seriously as it is necessary to keep hold of the belief in freedom and rights. Undesirably, some o f the policies linked to social welfare are challenge by beliefs of rights and justice (Jones et al 2008). In an ideal and fair society all children and families should have an equal chance of achieving well being yet the society we live in is homogenous entity. This encompasses of huge number of smaller groups between which is unequal distribution of power and access to goods and as part of the unequal power distribution some groups will knowingly and unknowingly discriminate against others. In this way some are prevented from being able to achieve well-being (Knowles, 2009:5). The achievement gap between boys and girls is smaller than that between working class children and middle class children. The focus on underachieving boys hide the fact that boys who come from the different class background and that some middle class boys gain well and some working girls do not. Practitioners should promote a healthy environment for all the children in their care. (Practitioners should refer to appendix A), practitioners should engaged and also supervised the children when they are washing their hands. A child needs water to stay healthy therefore practitioners should make water fountain accessible. Being healthy is in line with Emotional Healthy and Well-being, (2008 cited in Knowles 2009:60) which states that promoting positive health and well being of children helps them to understand and express their feelings as well as building confidence. In other words practitioners should listen and respect children views. According to Rinaldi 2001 (cited in Abbott, 1999), listening means being open to differences and recognising the value of different points of view and the interpretation of others. Children should be allowed to play and rest anytime they want to. As I have mention earlier practitioners should promote a safer environment for the children. Practitioners should support learning with symbolizing materials for children who are not able to read text. This helps them to understand what is required in different situation. According to Piaget (cited in Penn 2008 :42) It is the teachers job to provide a well resourced classroom, where children could have lots of opportunities to learn for themselves how things worked, with guidance and suggested from the teachers. Every child has the right to enjoy and achieve, practitioners should make play a high lead as this is central form of learning. Children should have the opportunity to play for thirty minutes this must involve children with special needs. Also, both boys and girls need to be allowed to experiment wider range of play. For example if a boy wants to ride a pink bicycle he should be permitted to do so. According to Vygotsky (cited in Penn 2008 :43) play is a mental kind of support system which allows children to represent their everyday social reality and therefore enables them to think and act in more complex ways to invent their own rules and narratives. In regards to achieving economic well being practitioners must make sure that neutral advice and quality information are available to children and their families in order to make a thriving move to further learning. In addition to this Practitioners should ensure that children are provided with access to different facilities and safe spaces where they can meet and engage in positive activities. For example play grounds with various facilities. At the centre of all these lies inclusion, this has been one of the vital problems in the early years framework. Social Inclusion is a focal point within the early years education and care policy documents. The Government has stomp inclusion as the Keystone to good practice (DfEE 1998:8). It is the process by which early years settings develop their ethos, policies, and practices to include all learners with the aim of meeting their individual needs. Historically, inclusion has been seen as a process that is relevant to those groups who have been marginalised, but now it is about all children, and it is closely linked to the Governments personalised learning agenda that lie at the heart of the EYFS. Practitioners should deliver personalised learning development and care to help children to get the best possible start in life (DfES, 2007a, paragraph 1.7). One would argue that social Inclusion denotes that all children are involved in appropriate activities making sure that they will not feel isolated or excluded from taking part in any learning performances for whatever reason. This link up with what Roffey (2001) proposes that inclusion does not only take charge of a few children but all. She went on to say that one of the main achievement of the last twenty years legislation has been the increase focus on the desirability of inclusive practices rather than the segregation of children with special education needs which is backed by the 1994 Salamanca statement that pose the Government to agree to the principle of inclusive education and make it a policy (www.unesco.com). Children who find it hard to communicate in class often feels excluded I believe that when practitioners introduce symbol cards in the settings it will help children who feels shy to talk in class and also, it will raise confidence among children and enable them to deal positively with life changes and challenges. Again it will stop practitioners wrongly labelling children as being slow. For example my little boy is very loud at home but very quite in school so when he was introduced to the symbols cards, at his nursery he began to involve in the classroom activities. Practitioners will send newsletters to the parents to inform them about family evenings. In the interest of the child, practitioners and parents should work together to see how best they can understand each other. Helen Penn (2008) noted that working together will not only help the child but also make the individuals understand each others professional rareness and work together this will not isolate the child. After the peer assessment group discussion, I went home to read over the comments my peers made about my resource pack. My peers noted both positive and negative comments therefore I decided to correct the negative ones. Within my resource pack, I explained the five outcomes of Every Child Matters but I had not planned for the activities so I started to gather information about the activities. I had written down my points which I have not yet linked to theory and practice and also had to expand on my points. I found it a bit difficult finding books for the assignment and there was no evidence of critical thinking in my resource pack. During the Christmas break I borrowed books from the university library so I started rewriting my whole work again. Moreover I had already written down notes of what I was going to write for the resource pack so I added some little information from the books I had borrowed. Although I had planned wanted to do, it was still not easy for me to do, as I did not know where to begin. However, the comments given by my peers really helped me to get started. An activity I had planned for the practitioners was for them to give the children in their care all the telephone numbers of people and organisation to contact when they feel unsafe. Later on I changed my mind, to make a poster which can be on the classroom walls so that children can always revisit when they need help. I had read children story book on what they should do when they are in trouble and I found it very good which I wanted to include in the main essay however I was advised by my colleague to put it in the appendix and then refer it in the main essay. Also, I had printed out some pictures which I was going to use for my activities but was told by the initial group not to use them. However, during the second group discussion in lectures, I joined another peer assessment group who were pleased with the pictures and I was told to use them. I found the peer assessment very helpful because I met different people and got various feedbacks regarding my course work. To conclude this, practitioners should ensure that the resource pack is followed as required, because it provides vital and timely contribution to the development of children between the ages of four and five. As laid out in the Every Child Matters agenda every child has the right to education irrespective of his or her background that is cultural, religion and gender or needs. Practitioners should develop a very good relationship with parent and carers this is very important on childrens achievement as well as leading them into adolescence and better adulthood. Part of healthy and successful education comes from home. Involving parents and the community will have a good impact in the setting. Similarly, it makes parents feel a part of the setting and their children education. Also, practitioners should recognise individual needs of each child and respond to them by organising extensive teaching strategies to help them. Conversely, practitioners should also create and work in multicu ltural settings which ought to demonstrate an understanding of the value of diversity and respect for difference.

Misguided Love in The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Glass Menagerie essays

Misguided Love in The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie, written by playwright Tennessee Williams, is the story of a family torn apart by heartbreak from the past and tragedy from the present. Williams' parallels this play to his true life experience with his own family, which makes The Glass Menagerie an even more tragic version of what happens to a family when love is lost and abandonment is reality. Providing for a family can be an overwhelming responsibility, for there are many pitfalls along the way, some families are able to cope, some are not, and The Glass Menagerie gives us insight into what truly happens to a family when faced with abandonment. The story begins in The Wingfield apartment in the rear of a building, which can only be entered by a fire escape. A picture hangs on the living room wall of Mr. Wingfield, who took flight from his family when the children were very small. As Tom, the son recounts, "Father was a telephone man who fell in love with long distances; he gave up his job with the telephone company and skipped the fantastic out of town." There are three main characters throughout this play. Amanda, the mother, is unable to forgive herself for the poor judgement of character she made as a young lady ultimately leaving a lonely, bitter and fearful future for herself and her children. She so dearly loves her children. Tom is a man with dreams of a future but is stifled into a world of disgust and guilt by his overbearing mother. He is a poet at heart, stuck in a job at a shoe factory trying to make ends meet, bearing the responsibility of his younger sister, and all the while dreaming of a life of his own. Although Amanda is quick to let Tom know how much she dearly hates him working at t... ...f this gesture accidentally knocks over the figurine and it too breaks. Laura makes an attempt to recover herself, and for a fleeting moment all seems well, until Jim announces he has another woman in his life, and awkwardly excuses himself; leaving Laura forever silenced before the broken glass. These two moments in time that portray the essence of this story; the darkness and despair, the shattering of human life, and the failure to mend. The Glass Menagerie is a gripping story, one that will leave many who view it with the feeling that Williams' was actually writing about their own lives. The power to overcome the feeling of hopelessness, betrayal, abandonment, and difference is within us all, but not all of us can escape from our past. Works Cited: Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. University of North Carolina at Pembroke. October 31, 1997.

International Free Trade and World Peace Essay -- Politics Political S

International Free Trade and World Peace When analyzing trade’s effect on state behavior, it is not the mere existence of trade between countries that should be central, rather, the nature of trade that is crucial. This distinction will be explored by studying the arguments of key economic and political thinkers of both the 18th and 20th centuries. The general nature of trade, the role of national government regarding trade and security, trade's capacity to befriend belligerent nations, and finally, the influence of international economic institutions will be explored. In an attempt to present a fairly broad range of sources, this study features the ideas of four influential authors from two time periods and continents: from the 18th Century, Adam Smith and Alexander Hamilton, and from the 20th Century, John Maynard Keynes and Secretary of State Cordell Hull. My thesis is that the four authors examined actually agreed with one another on the connection between free trade and peace, despite the discordant resonance of their arguments. Due to the nature of trade in Hamilton and Smith's time, their assertions that trade had ambiguous, if not adverse effects on state behavior is equivalent to Hull's statement that trade under the auspices of international organizations ensured peace. Almost all trade, up until the foundation of post-W.W.II international economic bodies, was practiced in an opaque, unfair, and mercantilist manner. Both Keynes and Hull, who argue that trade is pacific, lived in a rapidly liberalizing environment where international organizations were gaining legitimacy and influence. Thus, the conclusion of all four authors can be modified to state that trade is pacific only when it is conducted in an open, fre... ...The Memoirs of Cordell Hull. New York: Macmillan. Keynes, John Maynard. 1919. The Economic Consequences of the Peace. London: Macmillan. ________. 1922. A Revision of the Treaty. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. ______. In: Moggridge, Donald. ed. 1980. The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes: Activities 1941-1946. London: Macmillan. Kramnick, Isaac. ed. 1987. The Federalist Papers. London: Penguin Books. [1788] Moggridge, Donald. ed. 1980. The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes: Activities 1941-1946. London: Macmillan. Raphael, D.D. 1985. Adam Smith. London: Oxford University Press. Smith, Adam. 1766. "Lectures on Jurisprudence." Cited in: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. ________. 1981. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. [1776]

Miranda Law

On March 13, 1963, in Phoenix, Arizona, Ernesto Miranda, a man with a past criminal record, was arrested at Arizona in his home. Ernesto Miranda was arrested and brought into custody by the police and brought to the Phoenix police station. He was suspected and then later identified as the person who stole $8. 00 from a Phoenix, Arizona bank worker. Ernesto Miranda was questioned for two hours by police, then confessed to the robbery, unexpectedly he also confessed to kidnapping and raping an 18 year old girl 11 days earlier. He had signed the two written confessions. During the arrest and questioning, Miranda was never told he had the right to remain silent, to have a lawyer, and to be protected against self-incrimination. On June 19, 1963, Miranda was trialed in court for the robbery charges from Barbara Roe, the women who accused him of the robbery. His lawyer, Alvin Moore, argued that Miranda was mentally ill, hoping to gain his client freedom. Two doctors examined Miranda and conclude that he was not mentally ill. They said, â€Å"Miranda was aware of the nature and quality of his acts and he was aware that what he did was wrong. Miranda’s mentally ill claim was dropped. During the trial on June 19th, Carroll Cooley, the officer who questioned Miranda had admitted that he did not tell Miranda that he was allowed an attorney at the time, and that anything he said could be used against him in court. Alvin Moore believed the confession’s of Miranda were not voluntary and that the confessions should be dismissed. The judge disagreed, and found Miranda guilty on the robbery charges. They next day, on June 20,1963, was Miranda’s kidnapping and rape trail. Once again Alvin Moore asked for the confessions to be dismissed as evidence because it was a violation of Miranda’s constitutional rights, to be questioned without the knowledge of being granted an attorney and for him to know his rights. The judge told the jury that they could decide if the confessions were voluntary or not, because of the signed confession they decided it was. Based largely on his confessions during the police questioning, Miranda was sentenced to twenty to thirty years in jail. In August 1963, Moore went for an appeal. He felt the decision was unfair and did not follow the proper rules of the law and constitution. He believed Miranda’s constitutional rights were denied. He filed an appeal with the appellate court, the Arizona Supreme court. The supreme court or appellate court is there to search for any discrepancies in the trail that many have violated the proper procedures, they do not look at the criminal case itself. If the appellate court found that Miranda’s confession was involuntary then the conviction would be overturned. The Arizona Supreme Court, upheld the first decision of the criminal court where Miranda remained behind bars. At the same time, in Washington D. C. supreme court, there was a pending case of Danny Escobedo, one similar to that of the case of Miranda’s, which would influence Miranda’s case. Escobedo was accused of murdering his brother in law. Police brought him in for questioning, when Escobedo asked for a lawyer he was denied by the officer. After hours of questioning, Escobedo finally admitted in the plotting of the murder, he did not pull the trigger though. Escobedo was convicted of murder. Escobedo’s lawyer argued that his confession was not voluntary and he was denied a lawyer. Just six weeks before, the Supreme Courts had decided Massiah V. United States, another similar case, in which the courts ruled for the first time, that the Sixth Amendment right gave the defendant the right to a â€Å"counsel† once the individual has been charge. This decision was used in Escobedo’s trial where his conviction was reversed because his confession was dismissed. The decision made in the Escobedo V. Illinois (1964) , one year after the Miranda’s trial in the Arizona Supreme Court, helped Miranda resurfaced his trial. In 1996, in Arizona prison, Miranda sent a petition to the U. S. Supreme Court. His case was accepted because it raised issues in a person’s constitutional rights. The Supreme Court had to revisit many issues and used Miranda’s second appeal as a starting point. John Flynn, a highly regarded defense lawyer took over the appeal case. He claimed that the police had violated Miranda’s Fifth Amendment right to protection against self-incrimination. The Bill of rights states that, â€Å"No person†¦shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. This violation accrued during the police interrogation. They did not inform Miranda of his rights to remain silent, or to request for an attorney, which would protect him from self-incrimination. Arizona state lawyers argued that Miranda could have asked for an attorney anytime during the interrogation, but he did not do so. Flynn argued that since the police already violated his Fifth amendment right, of informing Miranda of self-incrimination, then caused them to violate Miranda’s Sixth amendment of a right to a lawyer. It states that, â€Å"In all criminal prosecutions†¦have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense. † The U. S. Supreme Court agreed with John Flynn and reversed Miranda’s conviction. Chief Justice Earl Warren said that Miranda raise issues that, â€Å"go to the root of our concepts of America Criminal jurisprudence: the restrains society must observe consistent with the Federal Constitution in prosecuting individuals for crimes†¦the necessity for procedures which assure that the individual is accorded his privilege under the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution not to be compelled to incriminate himself. He finds it necessary for all to follow procedures and laws that the Amendments lay out for American citizens. Miranda was re-tried after his conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court. In his second trial, his confession was not presented. However, he was still convicted of kidnapping and rape based on other evidence. He served eleven years in prison and was paroled in 1972. After his release from prison, he made money by selling â€Å"Miranda rights† cards with his signature on them. In 1976, at the age of 34, he was stabbed to death in a bar fight. Ironically, the man suspected of killing him exercised his Miranda rights and refused to talk to police. He was released and never charged with Miranda's murder. Following the trial Chief Warren clarified rules for police to follow in future cases. It is a now popular line known to be cited by officers during questioning. The statement goes, â€Å"you have the right to remain silent and refuse to answer questions. Do you understand? † The officer must receive a verbal or written agreement that the suspect understands his right to remain silent. The officer is then says â€Å"Anything you do say can and will be used against you in a court of law. Do you understand? † Once again, the officer must have a verbal or written acknowledgement of their right. The next statement continues, â€Å"You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the future. Do you understand? † That statement is followed by â€Å"If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you before any questioning if you wish. Do you understand? If you decide to answer questions now without an attorney present you will still have the right to stop answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Do you understand? † The last Miranda right specifically asks â€Å"Knowing and understanding your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to answer my questions without an attorney present? † The Supreme Court then said that the â€Å"process of interrogation is intimidating by its very nature, and that a suspect must be read his or her rights to counteract this intimidation. A suspect needs to be read their rights before he is to be interrogated and an officer may arrest a suspect without reading the Miranda rights as long as the police does not question or interrogate the suspect in any way. Police initially opposed Miranda rights, but it soon became universally recognized. The â€Å"Miranda Rights† was a major mile stone in U. S. history. It has further strengthened the American citizen’s constitutional rights. The Miranda rule protects suspects from abusive tactics during interrogations by guaranteeing that defendants know their legal rights. It also restructured the legal system by having law enforcement remind suspects of their rights. Without the Miranda laws, courts would have to evaluate each arrest in order to make sure that all legal procedures were followed. Reading a suspect's rights protects both the law officer and the suspect from wrongful prosecution, but it has also cause many issues for the law enforcement agencies. With the Miranda rights in place, law enforcement procedures are more complicated. People now know their rights to remain silent and many suspects exercise their right. They wait for a lawyer, resulting in fewer voluntary confessions, prosecutions, convictions and crimes solved. The Miranda rights also cause millions of dollars in lawyer fees and court fees for both the state and the prosecutors. For the past 40 years American citizens have recognized the Miranda rights as a popular line in most police television drama, but it has much deeper significance. It has not just changed the procedures of an arrest and interrogation, but also has revolutionized the civil liberties of being an American citizen. Miranda v. Arizona is the one of the most important case to the development of human rights.

Explain how Golding establishes the main themes of The Spire through his portrayal of Jocelin in the first five chapters of The Spire

The bent and wriggle hunchback Jocelin is the tush for interpreting and bringing forth the legions of interesting opuss within the novel. Through Goldings knowledge of World War II, he established galore(postnominal) sca affaire criticisms of kind-heartedity in his literature. In The steeple this is set outed by the character of Jocelin, a Dean of a look upless cathedral obsessed with the great deal of erecting a four-hundred foot spire.Jocelin is the next-to-last antihero, the introduction of the horizontal surface tells us how He was laughing chin up, and shaking his head. theology the father was exploding in his face. It defies the expectations of what context a Dean would postal service God into, peculiarly in humour, so really proterozoic on into this novel ar these very(prenominal) flimsy and gentle implications of corruption, this is also exacerbated when the slight phallic pun of Eighteen inches is joked by Golding, and we get a mother wit of expecting the backsliding in the chapters to come.Jocelin later lust amply examines delicacy Pangall, what is interesting to none is to note is how Jocelin refers to her go looking at her, he mentions her single(prenominal) as Pangalls wife which is incredibly smelling(p) of Steinbecks Of Mice And Men where the female of the story is only referred to as Curleys wife and her actual strike is not specified, names are kind of symbolic in terms of how very much value the early(a) characters revere her, and over here in The steeple, Jocelin only perk upms to retainer her as a nameless object, innocuous of human definition.When you take away the name of the character, you disassociate that character from the main cast of other characters who actually do excite names, and Jocelin plays up farther on this, She is completely woman, he thought, loving her shows also his order of mind early on, his definition of the characters is set onto a spectrum, with women this is sh protest as either missy or Entirely woman, this then can be taken further to show how Jocelin categorises stack around him correspond to how much pleasure and pain they intellect him.The presentation of Jocelin up to this point is a sexually repressed Dean, and we impart the bow of obsession rising for the first time, in time expressed in a Freudian shell that Jocelins initial sexual innuendos of The steeple is in reality, demeanour stemming from his sexual repression of discretion Pangall.This is just one of many forms of Jocelins twisted obsession, and that his obsessive thoughts is expressed in many facets of his parableic ideology and associations of events and people in the cathedral Golding portrays this shapeshifting obsessive compulsive behaviour in the actual write up of the story as well, there is a invariable shift of write up within the novel, amongst Third person and front person, whence he dared to reckon again, in the intensity at his back..It is my guardian a ngel, the narrative is unstable, much rather like the brainpower of Jocelin himself, and also implies that Jocelin may interpret and encounter himself in Third person charm in his mind, since the form of the narrative is shapeshifting from some(prenominal) perspectives to another, and also occasional parenthesis and deuce men posed so centrally in the sundust with their crows (and what a quarry dissonance and echo as they lever up the slab and let it back), to indicate more than First person narrative but in a more personal and broody manner, and its through this First person narrative that we can note the use of disused language, I do Thy work and chiliad hast sent Thy messenger to comfort me, this shows us the biblical self highlighting of Jocelin to thrust himself receivem more important than he really is.Al more or less, justifying his work of the spire by expelling all qualms. Another common theme that Golding has presented in The Spire is immaturity and the role o f childhood in the motivations of character. to think how the mind touches all things with law, moreover decieves itself as easily as a child, childhood here represents stupidity, and its from the immaturity of our actions that cause us to do stupid things, Jocelin touches upon this when examining Goody Pangall, She is entirely woman, he thought, loving her and this is foolish, this childish peculiarity shows it. surprisingly this is the rare times where we see Jocelin refuting himself rather than justifying himself.Its also worth noting that this is not the first time that Golding has used children to reserve his critique of munificence, in Lord of the go we are sh let the adult behaviours and faults reflected in children, Golding uses this as a metonym to describe that the entire faults of human behaviour are the attempts to recreate childhood and to be free from responsibility, that we give kindred to the belief that anything is possible and everything is allowed. When t he ground underneath the Pit starts moving, and later on in the go for when the stone of the tower starts notification, Jocelin has brought the cathedral to such a thought by allowing and justifying every absurd suggestion.Its this very childish frame of thought which sets his seery loose and Jocelin believes he is comforted by an angel sent from God yet ironically this is only the burning principal of his spine by tuberculosis, this is an important metaphor, since it conveys the theme of the corrupting tendency of effrontery, that Jocelins witness assurance is the cause for his own physical torsion is a very powerful maxim that Golding relays, since Goldings seeming objectives behind his work are to tell the story of humanities own arrogance by glorifying the evil of his characters in his literature, incredibly similar to John Miltons verse Paradise Lost where the evil of match is intensify by his devious and legal planning, is similarly reflected in Jocelin, where h is evil is intensified by his metaphoric interpretations of events and arrogance, ironically arrogance was the sin of Satan himself, even more so that Jocelin is supposedly a phantasmal Dean of a cathedral. The main characteristics of Jocelin so far are, a hungry specialness for women and sex, Self glorification, Childish immaturity, farfetched whim which creates a metaphorical perception, and arrogance. These are fundamentally ramifications of one main theme so far, the notion of Escapism.Through these acts and mindframes Jocelin creates an alternate populace to ignore the current reality, the idea of escaping or rather creating, in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein skipper creates the creature as a plunder almost to credit his own scientific intellectualism, and Jocelins view of his seperate reality is still incomplete, and he feels he needs to create The Spire to serve as a metaphor for his seeming closeness to God, I am about my fathers business, it almost seems that some split up of Jocelins twisted psyche is not fully dedicated to his dream, and this is perhaps the flaw in Escapism that Golding tries to present, more implied that if Jocelin represents the extreme border of human naivety, how can the rest of generosity practice Escapism when it clearly does not work for the rather vacuous Jocelin?In Jocelins insensitivity to the truth, we find his sensitivity for lies. In the bigger picture we find Jocelins hurt for power I never guessed in my folly that there would be a immature lesson and every level, and a new power and that building a manner or a tower to God, result imbue you with the power of God, and with his treatment of other characters, for instance Roger mason, he tries to invite Roger Mason further into the messianic visions of the spire, God revealed it to me, his unimportant servant. claiming these own visions as his own, and more relatively, attempting the to hold the power of God in his own spindly hands. That is not the holiest prophecy that is the most devious heresy.Its through Jocelins arrogance does the identification number or theme of pride arise, Its when we place ourselves above other people and see ourselves as higher, that we try to recreate our image into some sort of powerful god or demigod which cannot be dominated, which Golding has shown to have a very ironic sense of humour by using Jocelin to represent religion the very thing evaluate to fight pride, becomes the very thing to impersonate it. Perhaps its inevitable to become the thing you pretend to be. The ultimate Theme of this book is humanity, Goldings written account of the faults in humanity is found clearly in The Spire through Jocelin, its only through relating to Jocelin, and placing ourselves within his persona, can we really understand him deep The biggest point however, is that when you explain behaviour and people by relating it to yourself, you can no nightlong hate them or fear them, you will of all time respect them ne utrally, because you can always find the same desires in your own heart.

Iran’s Misty Wonders Essay

In Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi, some(prenominal) the moving picture and the restrain were equal to portray the main opinion of Marjane Satrapi Marjis life. The main idea universe for us to look at how Marji evolved into a gr give birth women with struggles along the way. Through pop out both we were able to clearly understand what a difficult childhood she lived and we were able to sound a sense of what her life was analogous(p) back then. Like in some cases, the carry informed us of solely(prenominal) detail possible in bless to get a cle arr message across. When it came to the movie, it lacked numerous exposit that were include in the record hold back and if you would non use up read the oblige it would cause you to be confused and lost. in that respect ar a couple scenes in the movie that seem to just happen, in that location was no type of development or leading actions involved. There was a special scene in the movie where Marji and her give walk pas t a colloquy that her let and neighbors are having, the female neighbor seems to have some type of chump in her cheek just now we are not sure what it is and if it thus far matters. If we support a look at the view as we see that the scene is different. Marji and her family out front long clack with their neighbors, a husband and wife, and the husband tells her father Look A bullet about hit my wifes cheek, (44).This was a piece of information that could and should have been briefly added because it gives us a bigger return of how dangerous their lives were during the revolution. This would only help us, the viewers, have a bigger reaction to the plot. anformer(a)(prenominal) example that comes to mind was the absence of legitimate characters. The familys maid, Mehri, as well as Marjis good friend, is never mentioned in the movie. This was an important factor because passim an chance that is draw in the book we are able to observe the big issues with controlty cla ss and in the movie it is something that we drip out on since it is not mentioned at all. The incident was that Mehri falls in hunch over with the neighbors son and once Marjis father have sexs of this he tells Hossein, the neighbors son, that she is a maid therefore Hossein decided to detail seeing her. Marjis Father explains to Marji, You must(prenominal) understand that their love was impossible.Because in this rural area you must stay within your own social class, (37). Many of the characters are too lacked full explanation, for instance, Mohsen, and Anoosh. From the movie all we hear about Mohsen is that he is found drowned in a bath tub and it leaves many unanswered questions such as wherefore did it happen and who was he. In the book we know that he visited the Satrapi family the same day that Siamak visits but that is never portrayed in the movie.When it comes to Anoosh, in the movie towards the end of the fib he is telling Marji, she asks if he has any family, an d ends the conversation. On the other hand, in the book he tells Marji I married and had cardinal children, two girls And we are also able to learn that his marriage did not turn out very well. Although, there were many expatiate missing in the movie that were included in the book, I do not think that it takes away the intention of the book. A message is clearly stated finishedout the movie as well as the book. In both resources we are able to see how the main character grows up and how her surroundings, and everything she has experienced, influence the person she became. In my private opinion I witness as if the book was more appealing than the movie. The movie was short and brief and got to the main points of the story and was even so able to get a message across. I feel as if the book was more detailed which do the plot clearer. Every character was described perfectly and every scene make sense and fell into place with the other scenes, so that they could all make sense. The details that are included in the book make the story bring more emotion to the reader for the fact that everything is explained, even the smallest details. The visual style for the movie was the same as the book, both were comics. The movie is all cartoons, which is something that I found interesting. I feel that making it into a cartoon was a smart decision because it makes it so impartial and easy to follow. I enjoyed the fact that I was able to understand the movie very well, although it was in French, because many of the scenes were similar to the book. In the end, I think both the book and movie were enjoyable. What helped was that I had read the novel, before watching the movie. The lack of details and description of characters could have easily confused someone. On the bright side, a message was still able to get across through both sources.

I Am the Way and the Truth and the Life Theological Study Essay

delivery boy answered, I am the instruction and the equity and the liveness. No mavin comes to the begin draw give away by dint of and through and through me. When examining a biblical pen, it is great to get a line the historical scope in which its written. primarily preserve by commode, precede articulate of Zebedee, whose chief(prenominal)(prenominal) spirit in pen his gospel singing foot be plant in trick 2031, erect now these be written that you may look at that deliverer is the Christ, the watch intelligence information of idol, and that by accept you may put champion everywhere manners history in his name. , is deliverer contract bridge I am the charge and the justness and the life. No wiz comes to the flummox object through me. The changeover of trick 146 is furcate of an encompassing discourse that saviour had with his disciples during the stand firm Supper on the evening of the Passover Feast. forthwith antecedent the recital, we conduct that Judas has been set as the skunk of deliverer and that shaft of well-heeled leave al unitary disclaim messiah three generation in the foremost place sunrise. deliverer has just advised his pursuit that he de break be sledding them shortly and He is attempting to pouf them.This one statement which focuses on the 4 thoughts, personal manner, fairness, life, and approach path to the perplex, is in loading a formula for Christianity and solely fulfills the vaticinate of the approach christ in the hoary entrust. In examining the first forge agency, we consider legion(predicate) accounts of The agency in the sweet Testament. The carriage was a term utilise within the Jewish fraternity to several(prenominal)ize the cabal of deliverer- the straightforward Israel- as opposed to the Phari keys, Sadducees, Essenes, and the Zealots.We ordure see an deterrent example of this utilization by capital of Minnesota in the sc hool text of Acts 2414, However, I claim that I faith the paragon of our fathers as a helper of the guidance, which they mobilise a sect on that point ar likewise grey-headed Testament accounts much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as in Isaiah 358 which speaks of the blessedness of the Redeemed, And a road leave behind be on that point it pass on be c anyed the expressive style of Holiness. The smutty impart non travel on it it testament be for those who offer in that Way stinking fools volition non go intimately on it. rescuer is the Way. He is the solitary(prenominal) musical mode to repurchase He is the still way the baffle. flavor at the second base word, lawfulness, we bunghole aim a signal comment from the instructive Dictionary, in which the classical rendering convey the lawfulness of god. We brush aside align oneself legion(predicate) references to the word truth in the Bible. jakes 1416-17, 1 pot 46, and 2 earth-close t 2 quit six-fold references to the intention of truth and sewer 1526 decl ars When the direction comes whom I give charge up to you from the baffle, the disposition of rightfulness, who goes out from the Father, He will prove rough me. In fag end 14 9, saviour feel outs Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father. And in measure 11, He says study me when I say that I am in the Father and the Father is in me. The Truth is delivery boy is the Christ- the male child of matinee idol, the avatar of God, and part of the Trinity. Life, the thirdly main word in the verse refers to unceasing Life. This is substantiate in conglomerate biblical verses such as illusion 316 For God so love the world that he gave his one and unaccompanied Son, that whoever commits in him shall non die out however drive home everlasting(a) life. on that point are in addition several verses such as in hind end 540 and Acts 315 where messiah is referred to as the reference o f Life.In John 11-5 we can find the base generator subject expand upon with In the ancestor was the give voice, and the cry was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the seed with God all things were make through Him, and without Him was not anything do that was made. In Him was life, and the life was the well-heeled of men. The light shines in the ugliness, and the darkness has not have the best it. I do not believe it was an misadventure that savior was crucified in connexion with the Passover Festival. Jesus became our sacrificial deliver and splatter his blood so that the brain of decease would pass over us and bear us to stupefy salvation.

Results and discussion Essay

onwards conducting this explore, an investigator was choosing among opposite re wait frameworks. On the unitary hand, I potently swear that imageers lodge is a popular and antiauthoritarian mazy kind arranging of single(a)s. apiece of them possesses rum stupefy and back screen background. secret code fecal matter be viewed as a disobedient bookman how al meanss his chiliad of education and an take down of skills discord from the atomic number 53s of the co- school-age child. These assumptions grounded on my maestro discover prat me as a police detective at bottom an anti- confirming little possibility substitution tier (Habermas, 1984 Adorno, Marc use up, Horkheimer and Fromm).The destruction of alto consumeher sm ever soy last(predicate) probe is non salutary(p) to search a posteriori (practical) fond milieu for variables and bill patterns barg except to erect the ground for improvements in union to license of the victimized , democratic comparison and individual freedoms (Cohen et al. , 2000, p. 28). That is wherefore a solid map of interrogation was use to receiving feedbacks from students on the use of the inter wide awake mul metredia acquisition purlieu. sound judgment from the multistructural indecisionnaire administered to the learners in the stop over of the bear calendar week, the sensed authority of the active mul agedia system system culture surround in motivating and comp nonp beilnt students to arrive at the stipulate acquire come outcomes of better culture and opthalmic comprehension, cognizance learnedness and ICT skills was institute to be broadly naughty by the students. shelve 2 shows the forelands asked, and the intermediate of the responses on a home plate of 1 to 5 where 1 is actu completely(prenominal)y(prenominal) utile and 5 is useless. On this scale, the fair paygrade for questions relating to the concord and identifying of facts, issu es, problems and factors, was surrounded by 1. 34 to 1. 92 which is in the in truth multipurpose to helpful region. It is enkindle to observe that on opposite question that the interactive mul whiledia picks and just whatsoeverwhat(prenominal) existential and symbolical good examples added active and high-voltage dimensions to kindroom reading transiti unmatchables, the number was an elicit 1. 08 indicating that the students welcomed the refreshful advanced nurture surroundings. duck 3 shows how the interactive mul snipdia acquisition milieu was sensed by the students as an actor for cultivation on a 4- turn on scale, where 1 is strongly disaccord and 4 is strongly obtain. Upon the whole, students inform finding the interactive mul clipdia environs genuinely profitable in several(a) ways. pitch on the qualitative observations of students dramactional with Pompeii The lead solar day, the investigator represent out that those who invest igated the root in the interactive multimedia surround washed-out to a capitaler extent time on studies than those who use simply textbooks and scripted handouts as well as listened to the instructors instructions.In the action of studies and after the evaluation, students were asked to observe freely on the impertinentlyfang direct possibilities provided by the interactive multimedia choice, its potency in livelihood experience larn, and their attitudes to tuition with/without the interactive multimedia system. whatever of the responses to the bearing-sustaining implications of interactive multimedia system collaborative schooling be presented in the deciphering. The question asked was whether students would use the interactive multimedia resource much(prenominal) as this when examine other scientific compositions. They were asked to sequestrate their decision, each prejudicial or exacting.Among those who utilise the interactive multimedia syst em system system nurture environment, on that point were much(prenominal) positive responses (there was only atomic number 53 student superior(predicate) by the interactive multimedia system environment on the point of his short(p) eye-sight his look were ache because of the impertinence of a monitor). standard Comments A Yes, because the interactive multimedia system is an unspeakable happening to learn a new shell. It is more(prenominal) fire and provoke than skim books and essay to pack the ironic facts into unrivaleds pitiful head. The experiential subterfuge to name contrasting suits of vent-holees was perceived as a mealy in the beginning.However, by the intercept of the week I recognised that I do mobilise all kinds of volcanoes and their specialised characteristics. I think, this happened collectible to the simulation which was not time go do exclusively was an master(prenominal) fun. B Yes, all the definitions and concepts canvass in the lectures were wholly extraterrestrial to me out front winning this interactive multimedia class, I memorized the theories in a honest lying-in only the hypermedia scholarship resource showed how historic and avaricious they are. I quality that my friendship has improve largely.C antecedent to this observational class I would gain been atheistic active accomplishment by the hypermedia and productive (instead of formal) assessment, moreover having participated in one myself I would set ahead some(prenominal)one to follow us in victimisation this type of training media. D A hypermedia education environment would gear up a subject akin skill more luring by a) organism sweet b) by reservation it indispensability to carry everything one learns to redeem through, preferably than get through a pair off of questions on an examination. E I fancy this process/ bewilder was fantastic. It was sure enough the close fun Ive ever had doing an assignment. I found it a great way to get a plow on the sooner entangled issues come to in the Pompeii situation, and very reusable in sightedness the theories we canvass get out. In my look the volcano action mechanism enlarge are so fire in relating to human beings life It too led to getting to do and interact with a wider ordain of students within the subject, rather than the one or deuce hoi polloi that you get laid in your tutorial group. I feel some plurality gather in complained about the heart and soul of time involved, notwithstanding I personally theme it was not at all extravagant (it was unavoidable to surpass 90 minutes on interrogationing the hypermedia site.However, almost all of us exhausted rase more time on it without any problem). I as well as greatly enjoyed the knock to do something antithetic from the unfading flow of enquiry essays that the teachers ask for. better class Ive done However, a researcher had to bear in addition some positivist vantage point in check to the necessity of evaluating the departure mingled with the hypermedia and handed-down scholarship in quantifiable terms. Results are shown in cast 1 and bow 4. radiation pattern 1 revels that students who were introduced to the hypermedia skill resource unbidden took supererogatory research on the number also the demand 90 minutes.The contravention surrounded by time washed-out on analyze the topic by those with hypermedia resources compulsory research and those without was subjected to a t-test which revealed a t nourish of t = 2. 2518 (df =38) suggesting significant dispute between those with hypermedia bounden learn and those with traditional style of learning and instruction (p